白洋淀上游城市内河浮游动物群落调查与水质评价

对处于白洋淀上游的保定市城区府河设点调查监测,分析其浮游动物群落结构特征及变化规律。通过计算Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef指数和Pielou均匀度指数进行了府河水质评价。结果显示:监测期内在监测河段共检出浮游动物81个种属(原生动物未计入);优势种8种,且大多数为生活在中污性水体中的种类;ShannonWiener指数月平均值波动范围为1.38~2.64;Margalef指数月平均值波动范围为1.69~2.83;Pielou均匀度指数月平均值波动范围为0.47~0.58。依据生物多样性指数对监测河段进行水质评价结果表明其水体为中污染。     

基于MODIS的乌梁素海“黄苔”监测预警系统

乌梁素海暴发的"黄苔"对其周边地区的生态、经济造成了严重的破坏,对"黄苔"进行监测预警对于改善湖区及周边地区的生态环境以及经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。以物联网的4层设计内涵思想为指导,构建了基于MODIS数据的乌梁素海"黄苔"监测预警系统,实现了"黄苔"监测预警平台的信息化与系统化。经验证,该模型的计算结果合理、可靠,基本达到了业务需要的精度。     

太湖西岸水体污染物时空分布及解析

采用聚类分析、主成分分析及相关分析方法解析2015年太湖西岸入湖河流水质污染的时空分布特征及影响该区域水质的主要驱动因子。研究结果表明:时间上按污染程度将全年聚类为时段I(12月、1—3月)、时段II(11月、4—5月)和时段III(6—10月)3类;根据11项水质指标主成分分析提取3个主成分,可以解释75.49%的结果;时段I、时段II和时段III水质污染状况依次降低,空间上总体呈现出太湖西岸北部向南部递减的趋势;NH3-N、TN、Chl-a和SD是影响该水域水质的主要驱动因子。     

草海沉积物营养元素分布特征与控制因素

选取贵州草海这一典型高原湖泊湿地作为研究对象,在代表性湖区共布设17个采样点,采集了表层沉积物和沉积物柱芯,对沉积物总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)分布特征及控制因素开展了对比研究。研究结果表明,草海表层沉积物营养盐分布主要受外源输入和湖泊初级生产控制:表层沉积物TOC、TN含量平均值分别为232.98mg/g和25.21mg/g,远高于国内其他湖泊,且呈现湖心高、近岸区低的分布特征,由于氮较高的迁移性和生物可利用性,草海沉积物TN明显受湖泊水生植物生长控制,主要以有机质形式赋存于沉积物中;表层沉积物TP含量平均值为1.03mg/g,其空间分布特征显著不同于TOC、TN,在湖心、东南湖区和出水口其含量较低,主要受外源输入控制,且主要以沉淀、吸附等无机形态赋存于沉积物中。草海沉积物柱芯中TOC、TN、TP含量总体上呈现随深度增加先迅速降低而后趋于稳定的变化趋势,但不同湖区其含量差异较大,反映了人为干扰强度和沉积环境的差异。草海流域外源污染物输入和沉积物较高的营养盐内负荷是其水体富营养化面临的主要威胁,一方面应采取有效手段消减外源污染物输入,另一方面应通过合理的生态修复措施控制内源营养盐释放。草海繁茂的沉水植物增强了水体自净功能,优化草海水生植物种群结构、恢复草型健康湖泊生态系统对保护草海生态环境具有重要意义。     

黄河三角洲新生湿地土壤碳氮磷分布及其生态化学计量学意义

河口湿地是连接陆地生态系统和海洋生态系统的纽带。土壤碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素是湿地生态系统营养水平的重要指示物,显著影响湿地生态系统的生产力。本文研究了黄河三角洲新生湿地不同植被下土壤C、N、P的分布特征和生态化学计量特征。结果表明,1)黄河三角洲新生湿地C、N、P含量分别为1.2~8.4、0.2~0.8、0.4~0.6g/kg,平均值分别为3.5、0.4、0.5g/kg;土壤表层的C、N、P含量显著高于亚表层。2)黄河三角洲新生湿地C/N、C/P、N/P比值分别为4.62~12.67、2.02~16.39、0.22~1.53,平均值分别为8.77、6.81、0.77。土壤C/N、C/P、N/P比值随土壤剖面深度向下递减,不同植被土壤之间的C/N、C/P、N/P比值有所不同。土壤生态化学计量比值显示黄河三角洲新生湿地土壤有机质分解快,氮的矿化度高。因此,提高该地区土壤有机质的归还,同时适当增加氮肥使用成为湿地生态恢复的优先选项。     

西安市大气环境质量评价及变化趋势预测

选用SO2、NO2、PM10作为评价因子,采用时间序列的方法对西安市2009年-2014年大气环境质量进行分析评价.结果表明:2009年-2012年西安市空气质量达到了国家二级标准,SO2和NO2的年平均含量下降,2013年都略有上升,但总体上呈下降趋势,而颗粒物的年平均含量呈上升趋势且为影响该市空气质量的主要污染物,主要污染时间为1季度和4季度;利用GM(1,1)模型,预测2015年空气质量变化趋势,提出2015年应该采取措施降低颗粒物的含量,提高本市空气质量.     

A Rapid Response Survey to Characterize the Impacts of the 2017 High Water Event on Lake Ontario

In the spring and summer of 2017, communities along the Lake Ontario shoreline suffered from the worst flood event on record. In late May, daily water levels reached their highest point in over 100 years, and flooding continued throughout much of the summer as lake levels slowly declined, with inundation and erosion significantly impacting shoreline homes and businesses. In this work, we present results from a rapid response online survey of property owners along the New York Lake Ontario shoreline to quantify the perceived flood impacts of the 2017 extended high water event. The survey focused on the degree and spatial distribution of inundation and erosion; the duration and drivers of inundation; the associated damages to different property features, with an emphasis on shoreline protection; and the degree of disruption to business and other activities and services. Photographic documentation of inundation extent and property damage also was provided by survey respondents. We demonstrate the potential utility of this dataset by characterizing key features of inundation and erosion impacts across the shoreline, and by using classification and regression trees to explore the predictability of inundation and erosion based on property characteristics. This work is part of a larger effort to develop models of inundation and erosion that can support flood impact assessments across the shoreline and help communities better prepare for future extended high water events.     

基于共词分析的我国资源环境领域研究热点分析

了解我国资源环境领域的研究热点及走向,可为该领域的论文选题、科研立项和学科规划提供参考信息和决策依据。本文采用共词分析法,Excel、SPSS等软件,对CNKI数据库中的相关文献进行统计。通过分析得出高频关键词并建立共词矩阵,进一步对高频词共词矩阵进行聚类分析和战略坐标图分析,得出资源环境领域的研究热点主要集中在人口资源环境与经济可持续发展、城市化与中国资源环境/水资源环境协调发展、资源环境约束或人地关系视角下的产业结构优化和城镇化发展、资源环境承载力评价指标体系与问题对策、经济增长与生态足迹关系、生态文明视角下的资源环境保护与管理等几大主题上。其中,前两个主题处于整个领域的核心地位,得到较深入的研究,后四个主题研究不够深入,仍有许多值得研究的地方。     

美国环境与健康管理体制借鉴

美国为应对环境污染带来的公共健康灾难,建立了环保局与卫生部既分工又协作的体制,两个部门都关注环境污染对人类健康的危害。在职能上,环保局侧重于管制和"污染者",卫生部侧重于服务和"潜在受害者"。联邦层面,环保局与卫生部在管制方面和研究(信息共享)方面紧密合作。地方层面,环保局的主要职能是监督各州执行联邦标准,卫生部的主要职能是提供健康和医疗服务,并在具体工作中密切配合。借鉴美国的经验教训,明确建立"公众健康优先"的环境管理价值取向,针对环境与健康风险管理的特点推进生态环境统一监管机构改革,以法治思维和法治方法推进环境与健康治理体系建设;加强科学研究,加快建设环境与健康风险控制信息系统。     

Power,responsibility and justice: a review of local stakeholder participation in European flood risk management

Over the past few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the active involvement of local stakeholders in the management of floods in Europe. Such involvement is seen as necessary as the management of floods becomes more complex. Management approaches now seek to include a range of potential measures to reduce risk (e.g. structural defence, spatial planning and property-level protection measures). Local stakeholder involvement is seen to be important because governments lack the capacities such as knowledge and funding required to deliver all these measures alone. This paper focuses on the implications that more participative approaches have on the fairness of European flood risk management (FRM). Studies of environmental justice are well placed to address this question because they are interested in who is included and excluded from decisions related to the distribution of environmental goods (resources) and bads (risks). Existing literature suggests that fair decision-making processes (procedural justice) can lead to fair distribution or resources and risks (distributive justice). This literature review of 30 peer-reviewed papers provides an analysis of justice and FRM by assessing practices of participation which are presented in the recent literature on local stakeholder involvement in FRM in England, Germany and the Netherlands. It was found that participation in practice generally focuses on transferring responsibility to the local level at the expense of power. This paper discusses the implications that this finding has for justice and synthesises potential ways forward based on recommendations of the reviewed literature.